Andrew Bain
Lonely Planet Author
1. Source of the Ganges (India)
The
River Ganges is Hinduism’s holiest river, beginning in the Himalayan peaks
of Uttar Pradesh and spilling out into the Bay of Bengal more than 2000km later.
For Hindus, the source of the Ganges is a holy of holies, and many thousands
make the pilgrimage to its source near Gangotri. To join them requires a trek of
24km from Gangotri, threading through Himalayan valleys to Gaumukh, where you’ll
find the trickle of water that will flow on to become one of Asia’s major
rivers. Pilgrims perform darshans (offerings) as near as possible to the point
where water flows from the ice wall beneath the terminal moraine.
2. Mt Kailash (Tibet)
As the source of several of Asia’s mightiest
rivers, including the Ganges, Karnali and Indus, it’s little surprise that peak
of Mt Kailash in Tibet is
revered in a number of religions. To circuit holy Kailash is a pilgrimage for
Buddhists, Hindus, Bonpos, Jains and, more recently, trekkers. The most ardent
pilgrims walk the 52km circuit in a day, while the truly pious prostrate
themselves around the mountain, lying down with arms outstretched, then standing
and lying down again at the point that their hands reached. The journey to
Kailash is itself an epic worthy of being called a pilgrimage, so allow time for
this remarkable trek.
3. Camino de Santiago (Spain)
One of the great Christian pilgrimages is to the
tomb of the apostle St James in the Spanish city of Santiago
de Compostela. It’s a journey of such spiritual note that it has been named
Europe’s Premier Cultural Itinerary and is also listed on the Unesco World
Heritage register. The Camino begins in Roncesvalles, on the French border, and
covers 783km to the Atlantic coast. Cycling and horseback are considered
appropriate forms of pilgrim transport, but most people walk the route,
wandering between an extensive system of albergues, spending around one month as
a modern pilgrim.
4. Međugorje (Bosnia and Hercegovina)
On 28 June 1981 six youths in the Bosnian mountain village of Međugorje claimed to have seen an apparition of the Virgin Mary. Instantly, a place of pilgrimage was born, complete with bus tours and an unholy number of souvenir stands. The Virgin is said to still appear at Međugorje, bringing messages to the world, delivering them through the original six ‘visionaries’ – three of them see the apparition daily. For a Međugorje vision of your own, begin in the famed bridge town of Mostar; Međugorje is about 30 mountainous kilometres away.5. Golden Temple (India)
Image by Arian Zwegers
Resting against the India–Pakistan border, the city
of Amritsar
has a golden heart, with the
Golden Temple, the holiest site in Sikhism, dominating the city. Glowing in
the hot Punjabi sun, the temple is as golden as its name suggests, and sits in
the middle of the holy Amrit Sarovar pool, which lends its name to the city.
Pilgrims bathe in the pool, and amble clockwise around its marble edges, while
the temple kitchen by the eastern entrance spoons out free meals to pilgrims and
tourists alike. Visitors are welcome to join the faithful in and around the
temple.
6. Shashemene (Ethiopia)
With Rastafarianism founded on the belief that
Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie is an African Messiah, it’s unsurprising that a
Rasta community has taken root in Ethiopia. Around 240km from Addis Ababa,
Selassie himself granted land in the town of Shashemene to Jamaican Rastafarians
in the 1960s. It was first settled by 12 Jamaicans but the community has now
grown to number hundreds. In the late 1970s the most famous Rasta of all, Bob
Marley, visited Shashemene, and in recent years his widow has talked of
relocating his remains here, which would indeed turn this southern town into a
site of rock and Rasta pilgrimage.
7. Mt Athos (Greece)
Known as the Holy Mountain, Mt Athos is a
self-governing community of 20 Eastern Orthodox monasteries sprinkled around the
slopes of 2033m-high Mt Athos on Greece’s Chalkidiki Peninsula. A
strict entry-permit system applies: 100 Orthodox pilgrims and 10 non-Orthodox
visitors are allowed in at a time; only men over 18 years of age can visit;
permit applications from non-Orthodox visitors must be made at least six months
ahead; and diamonitiria (permits) usually allow stays of just four days. The
Holy Mountain is reached by boat, and you then walk between monasteries, each of
which contains a guesthouse.
8. Mashhad (Iran)
With a name that translates as The Place of
Martyrdom, Mashhad is
sacred to Shiites as the place where the 8th imam and direct descendant of the
Prophet Mohammed, Imam Reza, died in 817. Each year, more than 15 million Shiite
pilgrims visit the city in eastern Iran, which literally radiates out from
Astan-e Qods-e Razavi, the site of the Holy Shrine. The busiest pilgrimage times
are around the Iranian New Year (March 21) and a dedicated pilgrim season from
mid-June to late July. Non-Muslims are not permitted into the Holy Shrine
itself, though there are three attached museums that can be visited.
9. 88 Temple Circuit (Japan)
On the Japanese island of Shikoku there are 88
temples, a number equal to the evil human passions as defined by the Buddhist
doctrine. If you want to free yourself from every one of these passions in a
single hit, you can do so by completing the 88 Temple Circuit. Traditionally the
1500km route was walked, even though there’s a space of more than 100km between
a couple of the temples. In modern times, however, it’s become just as
acceptable to complete the 88 Temple Circuit by tour bus – who said the gods
weren’t modernists? The circuit begins in Tokushima and
most pilgrims go clockwise.
10. Adam’s Peak (Sri Lanka)
In the highlands of Sri Lanka there is a mountain
that’s all things to all religions. Depending on your spiritual persuasion, the
indent on the summit of Adam’s
Peak is either the place at which Adam first set foot on earth, or a
footprint left by Buddha, Shiva or St Thomas. Small wonder the track to the
summit is like an ant trail in the pilgrimage season (December to May). Secular
pilgrims will find the view alone worthy of the journey. On a clear day it
stretches to the Sri Lankan capital, Colombo, 65km away.
